Plant physiology is the subdiscipline study of plant function and its behavior, encompassing all the dynamic processes of respiration, growth, metabolism, reproduction. Its closely related field includes plant morphology, plant ecology, phytochemistry, cell biology, genetics, biophysics, molecular biology.
It is usually divided into three major parts:
The physiology of nutrition and metabolism of the plant, which deals with the uptake, transformations, and release of materials, and their movement
The physiology of growth, development, and reproduction, which is related with the aspects of plant function
Environmental physiology, which seeks to know the manifold responses of plants to the environment.
Plant Pathology: Plant Pathology is also known as phytopathology which is the scientific study of the plant diseases that includes the causes, mechanisms by which diseases occur, interactions between plants and disease-causing agents and methods to control diseases caused by the Pathogens and environmental conditions.
Plant Genetics & Breeding: Plant genetics is the study of heredity in plants, to be specific, the mechanisms of hereditary transmission and variation of inherited characteristics. Plant breeding is the technique to involve the natural and artificial selection to produce the heritable variations and novel combinations of alleles in plants and to spot plants with novel and useful properties. The goal of plant breeding is to produce crop varieties that boast unique and superior traits for a variety of agricultural applications.
DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic material that is used in the development and functioning. Plant Geneticists, use the sequence of DNA to their advantage to understand the role of different genes within a given genome. Through research and plant breeding, manipulation of different plant genes and loci can be encoded by the DNA sequence of the plant chromosomes by various methods to produce different or desired genotypes that result in different or desired phenotypes.
