Pharmacology is the study of positive effects of the drugs interaction with the living systems. It involves the examination of properties of drugs, interactions between drug molecules and drug receptors and their positive effects. It also includes the study of drug classifications. This study gives the idea of use drug as therapeutic agents in medicines and scientific research, developmemt and regulation of drugs. Specialties included in this study are:
- Clinical Pharmacology
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology
- Behavioral Pharmacology
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Pharmacogenetics
- Pharmacoeconomics
Toxicology is the study of adverse effects of the drugs on living systems to prevent or ameliorate such effects. The adverse effect involves the disturbances in growth patterns, discomfort, disease or death of individual organisms which adversely affect the whole ecosystems. Specialties included in this study are:
- Clinical Toxicology
- Regulatory Toxicology
- Forensic Toxicology
- Occupational Toxicology
- Risk Assessment
